Uncovering meanings and underpinnings of conflict

Individuals are shaped by their unique experiences, leading to a diverse range of perspectives on socio-political situations. Factors such as status, power, wealth, age, gender roles, and social group affiliations further contribute to these differing viewpoints and often conflicting goals. Conflict can be seen as a problem to overcome or as a resource for deeper understanding and improvement. It's important to note that conflicts are not inherently violent; they arise when people's goals clash or appear to clash.

"Conflicts are not inherently violent."

An understanding of conflict is essential for media professionals to address violent conflict effectively. Despite the existence of sophisticated conflict theories, only some in the media realm are familiar with them. Journalists often report on violent conflicts without understanding their root causes, typologies, or potential resolutions. Conflict is defined as "the relationship between at least two parties (individuals or groups) who have, or think they have, incompatible objectives, needs, and interests."

"Conflicts evolve, transform, and overlap, constantly shifting."

Conflict is pervasive, manifesting in various forms—political, social, economic, and religious—and may or may not result in violence. Conflicts can be categorised by the parties involved (generations, castes, ethnicities, nationalities) and by phases (pre-conflict, confrontation, crisis, resolution, post-conflict). These categories aid analysis, but conflicts evolve, transform, and overlap, constantly shifting with events.

The genesis of conflicts is multifaceted, typically stemming from a mixture of impulses, desires, needs, beliefs, and perceptions. Violent conflicts, in particular, are marked by a complex array of perceived causes. They often arise from diverse, incompatible views and perceptions, sometimes from the clash between beliefs and facts. For example, the issue of female circumcision, or female genital mutilation, starkly illustrates the conflict between cultural traditions (values) and the physical consequences of the practice (facts).

"Conflict signals a need to reconnect with our collective humanity."

Another perspective views conflict as a failure of connection and collaboration, an inability to recognise our interconnectedness and shared humanity. This view suggests that conflict signals a need to reconnect with our collective humanity. Lasting societal changes arise from the questioning and exchanging perspectives, exposing differing opinions and perceived goal clashes.

Thus, disagreement or conflict is integral to everyone’s lives. If a conflict is approached from a healthy and peaceful perspective, the parties will develop a common approach to the speed and dimension of the changes they want. If the conflict is viewed negatively and acted upon with anger, mistrust, or hate, it has a greater chance of turning violent.

"Conflict is integral to everyone’s lives."

A nuanced and comprehensive understanding is indispensable to effectively navigating and mitigating conflict, especially in its violent forms. Only through such depth of insight can media professionals contribute to transforming conflict into an opportunity for growth and reconciliation.

• Text by: Dominik Lehnert 2010 (Adapted from 'Media for Peace - a holistic framework for action'. For more information, please get in touch with us.)